1 · Describe
What happened? What did the learner say, make or do? Keep the initial account observable and specific.
2 · Locate
In what activity, context and moment did the evidence appear? What conditions may have shaped it?
3 · Interpret
What might the evidence suggest? Name uncertainty, consider alternatives and distinguish inference from fact.
4 · Decide
What feedback, support, extension or next opportunity would be proportionate to the available evidence?